機械/功能性炊具長期以來一直在專業廚師與熱衷於家常烹飪的人士中非常受歡迎,這點不難理解。許多廚師欣賞能夠精細調整火力以控熱,並能使用幾乎任何類型的鍋具而不必擔心是否與爐具相容。瓦斯爐對某些人而言,也可能讓人感到熟悉與懷舊,特別是那些在瓦斯能源廚房長大的人。不過,瓦斯爐的確也存在一些缺點。
由於瓦斯爐在家中直接燃燒燃料,這帶來一些正當的顧慮——這些顧慮在一般電動廚具上並不常見。這些問題包括更繁瑣的清潔以及室內空氣污染。根據你家中的現有佈局,安裝瓦斯爐可能需要比你預期更多的考量。
與瓦斯爐相關的許多缺點並非絕對不能接受的障礙,因為可以透過適當的通風、維護以及安全烹飪技術等方式補償它們。然而,如果你已經擁有瓦斯爐,或正在考慮轉換,明智之舉是了解它們的運作特性並以此做規劃。
Gas stoves can compromise indoor air quality
瓦斯爐與電磁爐之間最顯著的差異之一,在於開火時發生的事。瓦斯爐利用燃燒產生熱量,這會把一些難聽的微粒帶入廚房空氣。美國環境保護署(EPA)將瓦斯爐列入室內燃燒產物清單,這些產物會釋放污染物,如一氧化碳和二氧化氮,以及可能被肺部困住的顆粒物。
Nitrogen dioxide is a biggie when it comes to gas cooking, according to the EPA. It can irritate your eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract, which is dangerous for anyone with asthma or similar health problems and can potentially cause or worsen bronchial issues. Carbon monoxide inside the home isn’t something to take lightly, either, so ventilation is crucial with gas stoves. Make sure to use an exhaust fan or a range hood over your gas stove — one that vents outside, of course.
根據 EPA,二氧化氮在瓦斯烹飪中尤為重要。它會刺激眼睛、鼻子、喉嚨和呼吸道,對患有哮喘或類似健康問題的人尤其危險,並可能引起或加重支氣管問題。家中的一氧化碳也不可忽視,因此瓦斯爐需要良好的通風。務必在瓦斯爐上方使用排風扇或排油煙機,且要選擇排到室外的型式,當然。
These are all manageable things, but they require extra precautions that wouldn’t be necessary with other types of stoves. In fact, reduced air quality caused by emissions is among the reasons why some home cooks are purposefully moving away from gas stoves.
Open flames create more safety concerns
Cooking is one of the main causes of home fires and related burns in the United States, and cooking on any type of stove requires basic safety practices to avoid fires and injuries. Electric ranges aren’t exempt from these problems, but gas stoves are a much bigger concern in that regard due to their open flames. It’s incredibly important to keep items like towels, potholders, food packaging, loose clothing, and other flammable materials away from active gas burners. Most importantly, young children should be kept away from gas stovetops and monitored around them at all times. You can install safety locks on your gas stovetop knobs for optimal safety.
Gas stoves in kitchens come with another safety concern: methane gas leaks and the potential for explosions. Even the connections on gas stoves can leak methane, meaning dangerous leakage can happen even while a gas stove is turned off. Electric stovetops can also pose risks, of course, but open flames and gas leaks are concerns unique to gas stoves. Conversely, induction stoves leverage electromagnetism to heat cookware without getting the stovetop so hot, which is safer and thus reduces the hazards associated with cooking.
None of that’s to say gas stoves are inherently unsafe, and open flames do have their place in the culinary arts — after all, they’re a big contributing factor to professional chefs preferring gas stoves over electric appliances. However, because of said flames, using a gas stove does introduce greater ignition potential when you’re whipping up your family’s favorite stir-fries, quesadillas, and chicken dinners, so you’ll need to be extra careful when using them.
Gas stovetops take extra effort to clean
清潔爐具通常不是誰都喜歡的家務,但瓦斯爐的清潔工作往往更為繁複。與感應爐的平滑表面不同,傳統瓦斯爐具擁有鐵架、火蓋、燃燒頭,以及燈環周圍與燈下的各種縫隙,油污、麵屑、醬汁與溢出食物常在這些地方纏繞與藏匿。
清潔瓦斯爐並不是只想擦拭就能解決的事情——這通常要先拆除若干零件再清潔爐面本身。依爾機型號,鐵架與蓋子可能需要分開清洗或浸泡,去除燒焦的殘留物,徹底擦乾再正確放回。甚至位於燃燈組裝底下的燃燈孔與燃燈頭也需偶爾清理。保持燃燈組件清潔不只是美觀;髒污的燃燈頭實際上會影響烹飪性能並降低能源效率。
瓦斯爐具通常在所有廚房爐具類型中壽命較長——因此對某些人而言,清潔工作仍然值得。但與平滑、沒有燒嘴與鐵架、且下方無需忙於處理的感應爐相比,瓦斯爐的清潔過程仍可能讓人偏好讓日常生活更便利的選擇。
Gas stovetops can be expensive to install
如果你是把一個瓦斯爐取代另一個,且家中已有所需的管路,那就萬無一失了。在這種情況下,安裝通常相對直接。但如果你要改造成沒有天然瓦斯供應至爐區的廚房,實現這個改造的成本真的會大幅上升。
瓦斯爐需要安全的燃料連接,新增連接不僅僅是把新家電放進去那麼簡單。依照住宅的情況,專案可能需要安裝新瓦斯管線或將室內瓦斯管線從屋內其他區域延伸出來。此外,還可能需要額外費用以新增或升級瓦斯服務容量、取得許可證或檢查、以及聘請合格專業人士以確保管線連接符合廚房爐具的安全要求。當然,為避免室內污染,還需要良好的通風。
公正地說,電力安裝也不便宜。不過如果你的家中已經具備電力基礎設施,且沒有天然瓦斯的接頭,選擇瓦斯爐可能比你想像中更加昂貴且複雜。
Gas stoves are less energy-efficient and have environmental downsides
瓦斯爐上的藍色火焰跳動大小讓人直覺上能判斷熱量,但取決於你使用的鍋具類型,並非全部熱量都能有效傳遞到料理中。再者,當天氣炎熱時使用瓦斯爐,往往需要提高冷氣以降溫,這在能源效率上並不理想。
根據斯坦福大學領頭的一項2022年研究,瓦斯爐還有兩個對環境影響特別顯著的特徵。它們產生的二氧化碳會釋放到大氣中,未燃燒的甲烷——一種溫室氣體——也會從瓦斯爐逸出。類似的問題(以及更多)促成了瓦斯爐對環境的潛在危害。另一方面,感應爐的能源效率被美國能源部評估為瓦斯爐的三倍。你的廚房溫室氣體排放也許微不足道,但長期累積起來,影響就會顯現。